6. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMIGRATION SUPERVISIONIN DETECTING MARRIAGESOF CONVENIENCE AS A MODE OF RESIDENCE PERMIT VIOLATION

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of immigration supervision in detec
ting marriages of convenience as a form of residence permit violation. The study employs a
qualitative approach using a literature review of 15 scientific articles discussing sham marriages,
foreign national supervision, residence permit abuse, immigration law enforcement, and interagency coordination. The data were analyzed through content and thematic analysis involving
identification, reduction, coding, thematic classification, comparison of findings, and conclusion
drawing. The results show that immigration supervision is conducted through administrative
examination and field supervision. Early detection may be carried out by assessing document
validity, consistency of the spouses’ statements, relationship history, age differences, family
backgrounds, cohabitation, and the purpose of marriage. The effectiveness of supervision
remains constrained by difficulties in proving the parties’ intentions, limited human resources,
broad supervisory areas, weak coordination, low public participation, and the absence of
standardized examination indicators. Supervision can be strengthened through layered
verification, in-depth interviews, inter-agency data exchange, reinforcement of the Foreigners
Monitoring Team, and post-permit monitoring. The study concludes that immigration supervision
plays an important role in preventing the misuse of marriage as a means of obtaining residence
permits, but its implementation must be strengthened to become more systematic, measurable,
and sustainable.