1. DEGREE OF SUPERIORITY IN AIR OPERATIONS THEORETICAL ANALYSIS, DETERMINING FACTORS, AND STRATEGIC CASE STUDY

Abstrak

This study aims to analyze the degree of air superiority, a strategic concept that
plays a central role in the planning and implementation of modern air operations. This term
refers to the degree of control of an air force over a specific area that allows the execution of
missions without significant interference from opposing air forces. In general, the degree of air
superiority is classified into three categories: air parity, air superiority, and air supremacy, each
of which indicates a different degree of dominance over potential enemy air threats. Air
dominance is a strategic prerequisite that determines the outcome of modern conflicts. The
concept of degree of superiority evolves along with changes in technology, doctrine, and the
complexity of global geopolitics. In the context of air operations, achieving degree of air
superiority is influenced by various factors, including technological capabilities, the
effectiveness of air defense systems, information mastery, and the efficiency of command,
control, communications, computers, intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance (C4ISR)
systems. The interaction of these factors contributes to the success of joint operations and the
ability to maintain long-term air dominance. Effective air superiority also directly impacts the
freedom of action of one's own forces in conducting cross-service operations. A
comprehensive understanding of the degree of air superiority is a key factor in strategic
decision-making at the operational level. Integration of technological capabilities, information
superiority, and cross-service coordination is necessary to achieve sustainable air dominance.
Therefore, analyzing the degree of air superiority is not only crucial for tactical purposes but
also serves as the basis for developing comprehensive air defense doctrine and strategy. This
article discusses the theoretical framework in depth, the factors influencing its achievement,
and presents case studies from various conflicts ranging from World War II to potential conflicts
in the Indo-Pacific. This study confirms that successfully achieving air superiority depends not
only on air power alone, but also on multi-domain integration, defense industry readiness, and
political and diplomatic support.